Modulating Roles of Ethanolic Roots Extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, Glycosylated Haemoglobin and Cytoarchitectural Changes on Pancreatic Beta Cells in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Aim: The study investigated the modulating roles of ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga (CF) for its antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, glycosylated hemoglobin effects and cytoarchitectural changes on pancreatic beta cells in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Study Design: Experimental diabetes using animal models.

Methodology: Twenty- Five (25) male albino rats were randomly divided into five (5) experimental groups: control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body wt) and C. febrifuga (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) treated diabetic groups The animals in four out of five groups were fasted for 18 h and were made diabetic by injecting with a single dose of alloxan (ALX) 150 mg/kg, Diabetic rats 5 per group received graded doses (375 and 500 mg/kg bwt) of the extracts and glibenclamide 10 mgkg-1 for 15days. Blood was collected on days 0, 5, 10 and 15 for glucose estimation. Lipid profile was measured using DiaSys Kits from Germany which utilized the colorimetric method. Insulin Assay was measured using Monobind Insulin Microplate Elisa test while HbA1C was analyzed by Biosystem Kits (Barcelona Kits, Spain) using chromatographic method.

Twenty (20) male albino rats were randomly distributed to four groups; I, II, III and IV with each consisting of five animals received 20% (w/v) glucoseorally at a dose of 0.5ml /100 g bwt. After 30 min, the animals received extracts as follows: Group I, C. febrifuga (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, C. febrifuga (250 mg/kg bwt); Group III, C. febrifuga (100 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group.

Results: A significant reduction in postprandial sugar level was observed after 60min in all treatments.

Diabetic rats without treatment showed significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol while the high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol level were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to normal rats. In addition, the diabetic rats treated with the CF and glibenclamide showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood glucose, TG and LDL-cholesterol levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in HDL-cholesterol level compared to diabetic untreated rats. There were significant reductions (p<0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and significant increase (p<0.05) in the treated diabetic group compared to the negative control.

Apart from these, cytoarchitectural changes also revealed the protective nature of the ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga against alloxan induced necrotic damage of pancreatic tissues.

Conclusion: The ethanolic roots extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga modulated hyperglycemic by potentiating insulin release from the beta cells of pancreas and ameliorated dyslipidaemia.