Comparative Intraocular Pressure Study among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health issues in the world. Its microvascular complications contribute to ocular complications including increased intraocular pressure (IOP) which is a risk factor of glaucoma. Identification of factors responsible for glaucoma is a mainstay in the early detection and prevention of blindness.

Aim and Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare IOP among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to assess the correlation between age and IOP.

Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 104 participants. Patients were divided into two groups based on diabetes (case, n = 52) and non-diabetes (control, n = 52). The detailed history and routine clinical investigations were performed. Three consecutive readings of IOP of the left and right eye were recorded separately using Goldmann applanation tonometer. Wilcox sign-rank test and Spearman-correlation test was used to find the difference between the IOP and correlation between age and IOP, respectively.

Results: A significantly higher IOP was observed in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. (0.0001). There was no sex difference in IOP was observed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Age of the patient was not correlated with IOP (r = –0.02197219, P = 0.824).

Conclusion: Diabetic patients are prone to higher IOP; therefore, diabetic patients should be regularly assessed for IOP for diagnosis glaucoma.