Cesarean Section and Urinary Tract Infection Correlation with Bronchiolitis in Lebanese Hospitalized Children between One Month and Two Years Old

Background: Bronchiolitis of infancy is a clinically diagnosed respiratory condition presenting with breathing difficulties, cough, poor feeding, and irritability and, in the very young, apnea.

Objective: To determine the effect of cesarean section and UTI on bronchiolitis in children aged 2 months to 2 years.

Design: Retrospective population-based data linkage cohort study of 202 cases in Rafic Hariri University Hospital (RHUH) and Makassed University Hospital (MUH).

Methods: We reviewed retrospectively and studied prospectively the charts of the bronchiolitis hospitalized children between one month and two years in RHUH and MUH between 2011 and 2012 and continued prospectively until 2013. We studied: age, date of admission, type of delivery, gestational age, presence of UTI, screening and investigations done, related congenital diseases. The UTI is considered only when urine culture is positive. The type of delivery also mentioned.

Results: Our study showed that 48% of bronchiolitis patients were born by cesarean section delivery compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery, these children had increased risk of admissions for bronchiolitis with (OR 2.71; CI 95%) and 10.16% of all patients had UTI.

Conclusion: Physicians and expectant parents need to be made aware of this additional risk of elective cesarean sections and associated infant morbidity to aid in deciding the most appropriate mode of delivery. In infants and children with bronchiolitis continue to have a clinically important rate of UTIs.