Chromatic Microlensing Time Delays

Due to the finite size of the disk and the temperature fluctuations producing the variability, microlensing changes the actual time delays between images of strongly lensed active galactic nuclei on the ∼day(s) light-crossing timescale of the emission region. This microlensing-induced time delay depends on the disk model, primarily the disk size Rdisk, which has been found to be larger than predicted by the thin-disk model. In this work, we propose that light curves measured in different bands will give different time delays because Rdisk is a function of wavelength; by measuring the time-delay differences between bands, one can (1) directly verify such an new effect, and (2) test the thin-disk model of quasars. For the second goal, our method can avoid the potential inconsistency between multi-band light curves that may bias the results by continuum reverberation mapping. We conduct a simulation based on a PG 1115+080-like lensed quasar, calculating the theoretical distributions of time-delay differences between two bands: u and i centered around 354 nm and 780 nm, under and beyond the thin-disk model, respectively. Assuming that the disk size is twice the size of the standard one, we find that with a precision of 2 days in the time-delay difference measurements, the microlensing time delay effect can be verified with ∼4 measurements, while with ∼35 measurements the standard model can be excluded. This approach could be realized in the ongoing and upcoming multi-band wide-field surveys with follow-up observations.