Advancements in Rice Biotechnology for Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital crop globally, crucial for food security. However, its production faces increasing challenges from abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, heat, salinity, and heavy metals, exacerbated by climate change. This review explores biotechnological approaches aimed at enhancing rice's resilience to these stresses. Key strategies include genetic engineering for introducing stress-tolerant genes, modification of regulatory pathways involved in stress response, and enhancement of physiological adaptations. Advances in biotechnology offer promising avenues for developing rice varieties with improved tolerance to abiotic stress, thereby ensuring sustainable production in diverse agricultural environments.